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   /*
    * Copyright 2015 The Netty Project
    *
    * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License, version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a
    * copy of the License at:
    *
    * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
   * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
   * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
   * the License.
   */
  
  package io.netty.handler.codec.http2;
  
  import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
  import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
  import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
  import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
  import io.netty.util.internal.UnstableApi;
  
  import java.util.ArrayDeque;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Queue;
  import java.util.TreeMap;
  
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2CodecUtil.SMALLEST_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Error.PROTOCOL_ERROR;
  import static io.netty.handler.codec.http2.Http2Exception.connectionError;
  
  /**
   * Implementation of a {@link Http2ConnectionEncoder} that dispatches all method call to another
   * {@link Http2ConnectionEncoder}, until {@code SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS} is reached.
   * <p/>
   * <p>When this limit is hit, instead of rejecting any new streams this implementation buffers newly
   * created streams and their corresponding frames. Once an active stream gets closed or the maximum
   * number of concurrent streams is increased, this encoder will automatically try to empty its
   * buffer and create as many new streams as possible.
   * <p/>
   * <p>
   * If a {@code GOAWAY} frame is received from the remote endpoint, all buffered writes for streams
   * with an ID less than the specified {@code lastStreamId} will immediately fail with a
   * {@link Http2GoAwayException}.
   * <p/>
   * <p>
   * If the channel/encoder gets closed, all new and buffered writes will immediately fail with a
   * {@link Http2ChannelClosedException}.
   * </p>
   * <p>This implementation makes the buffering mostly transparent and is expected to be used as a
   * drop-in decorator of {@link DefaultHttp2ConnectionEncoder}.
   * </p>
   */
  @UnstableApi
  public class StreamBufferingEncoder extends DecoratingHttp2ConnectionEncoder {
  
      /**
       * Thrown if buffered streams are terminated due to this encoder being closed.
       */
      public static final class Http2ChannelClosedException extends Http2Exception {
          private static final long serialVersionUID = 4768543442094476971L;
  
          public Http2ChannelClosedException() {
              super(Http2Error.REFUSED_STREAM, "Connection closed");
          }
      }
  
      private static final class GoAwayDetail {
          private final int lastStreamId;
          private final long errorCode;
          private final byte[] debugData;
  
          GoAwayDetail(int lastStreamId, long errorCode, byte[] debugData) {
              this.lastStreamId = lastStreamId;
              this.errorCode = errorCode;
              this.debugData = debugData.clone();
          }
      }
  
      /**
       * Thrown by {@link StreamBufferingEncoder} if buffered streams are terminated due to
       * receipt of a {@code GOAWAY}.
       */
      public static final class Http2GoAwayException extends Http2Exception {
          private static final long serialVersionUID = 1326785622777291198L;
          private final GoAwayDetail goAwayDetail;
  
          public Http2GoAwayException(int lastStreamId, long errorCode, byte[] debugData) {
              this(new GoAwayDetail(lastStreamId, errorCode, debugData));
          }
  
          Http2GoAwayException(GoAwayDetail goAwayDetail) {
              super(Http2Error.STREAM_CLOSED);
              this.goAwayDetail = goAwayDetail;
          }
 
         public int lastStreamId() {
             return goAwayDetail.lastStreamId;
         }
 
         public long errorCode() {
             return goAwayDetail.errorCode;
         }
 
         public byte[] debugData() {
             return goAwayDetail.debugData.clone();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Buffer for any streams and corresponding frames that could not be created due to the maximum
      * concurrent stream limit being hit.
      */
     private final TreeMap<Integer, PendingStream> pendingStreams = new TreeMap<Integer, PendingStream>();
     private int maxConcurrentStreams;
     private boolean closed;
     private GoAwayDetail goAwayDetail;
 
     public StreamBufferingEncoder(Http2ConnectionEncoder delegate) {
         this(delegate, SMALLEST_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS);
     }
 
     public StreamBufferingEncoder(Http2ConnectionEncoder delegate, int initialMaxConcurrentStreams) {
         super(delegate);
         maxConcurrentStreams = initialMaxConcurrentStreams;
         connection().addListener(new Http2ConnectionAdapter() {
 
             @Override
             public void onGoAwayReceived(int lastStreamId, long errorCode, ByteBuf debugData) {
                 goAwayDetail = new GoAwayDetail(
                     // Using getBytes(..., false) is safe here as GoAwayDetail(...) will clone the byte[].
                     lastStreamId, errorCode,
                     ByteBufUtil.getBytes(debugData, debugData.readerIndex(), debugData.readableBytes(), false));
                 cancelGoAwayStreams(goAwayDetail);
             }
 
             @Override
             public void onStreamClosed(Http2Stream stream) {
                 tryCreatePendingStreams();
             }
         });
     }
 
     /**
      * Indicates the number of streams that are currently buffered, awaiting creation.
      */
     public int numBufferedStreams() {
         return pendingStreams.size();
     }
 
     @Override
     public ChannelFuture writeHeaders(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, Http2Headers headers,
                                       int padding, boolean endStream, ChannelPromise promise) {
         return writeHeaders(ctx, streamId, headers, 0, Http2CodecUtil.DEFAULT_PRIORITY_WEIGHT,
                 false, padding, endStream, promise);
     }
 
     @Override
     public ChannelFuture writeHeaders(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, Http2Headers headers,
                                       int streamDependency, short weight, boolean exclusive,
                                       int padding, boolean endOfStream, ChannelPromise promise) {
         if (closed) {
             return promise.setFailure(new Http2ChannelClosedException());
         }
         if (isExistingStream(streamId) || canCreateStream()) {
             return super.writeHeaders(ctx, streamId, headers, streamDependency, weight,
                     exclusive, padding, endOfStream, promise);
         }
         if (goAwayDetail != null) {
             return promise.setFailure(new Http2GoAwayException(goAwayDetail));
         }
         PendingStream pendingStream = pendingStreams.get(streamId);
         if (pendingStream == null) {
             pendingStream = new PendingStream(ctx, streamId);
             pendingStreams.put(streamId, pendingStream);
         }
         pendingStream.frames.add(new HeadersFrame(headers, streamDependency, weight, exclusive,
                 padding, endOfStream, promise));
         return promise;
     }
 
     @Override
     public ChannelFuture writeRstStream(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, long errorCode,
                                         ChannelPromise promise) {
         if (isExistingStream(streamId)) {
             return super.writeRstStream(ctx, streamId, errorCode, promise);
         }
         // Since the delegate doesn't know about any buffered streams we have to handle cancellation
         // of the promises and releasing of the ByteBufs here.
         PendingStream stream = pendingStreams.remove(streamId);
         if (stream != null) {
             // Sending a RST_STREAM to a buffered stream will succeed the promise of all frames
             // associated with the stream, as sending a RST_STREAM means that someone "doesn't care"
             // about the stream anymore and thus there is not point in failing the promises and invoking
             // error handling routines.
             stream.close(null);
             promise.setSuccess();
         } else {
             promise.setFailure(connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Stream does not exist %d", streamId));
         }
         return promise;
     }
 
     @Override
     public ChannelFuture writeData(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId, ByteBuf data,
                                    int padding, boolean endOfStream, ChannelPromise promise) {
         if (isExistingStream(streamId)) {
             return super.writeData(ctx, streamId, data, padding, endOfStream, promise);
         }
         PendingStream pendingStream = pendingStreams.get(streamId);
         if (pendingStream != null) {
             pendingStream.frames.add(new DataFrame(data, padding, endOfStream, promise));
         } else {
             ReferenceCountUtil.safeRelease(data);
             promise.setFailure(connectionError(PROTOCOL_ERROR, "Stream does not exist %d", streamId));
         }
         return promise;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void remoteSettings(Http2Settings settings) throws Http2Exception {
         // Need to let the delegate decoder handle the settings first, so that it sees the
         // new setting before we attempt to create any new streams.
         super.remoteSettings(settings);
 
         // Get the updated value for SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS.
         maxConcurrentStreams = connection().local().maxActiveStreams();
 
         // Try to create new streams up to the new threshold.
         tryCreatePendingStreams();
     }
 
     @Override
     public void close() {
         try {
             if (!closed) {
                 closed = true;
 
                 // Fail all buffered streams.
                 Http2ChannelClosedException e = new Http2ChannelClosedException();
                 while (!pendingStreams.isEmpty()) {
                     PendingStream stream = pendingStreams.pollFirstEntry().getValue();
                     stream.close(e);
                 }
             }
         } finally {
             super.close();
         }
     }
 
     private void tryCreatePendingStreams() {
         while (!pendingStreams.isEmpty() && canCreateStream()) {
             Map.Entry<Integer, PendingStream> entry = pendingStreams.pollFirstEntry();
             PendingStream pendingStream = entry.getValue();
             try {
                 pendingStream.sendFrames();
             } catch (Throwable t) {
                 pendingStream.close(t);
             }
         }
     }
 
     private void cancelGoAwayStreams(GoAwayDetail goAwayDetail) {
         Iterator<PendingStream> iter = pendingStreams.values().iterator();
         Exception e = new Http2GoAwayException(goAwayDetail);
         while (iter.hasNext()) {
             PendingStream stream = iter.next();
             if (stream.streamId > goAwayDetail.lastStreamId) {
                 iter.remove();
                 stream.close(e);
             }
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines whether or not we're allowed to create a new stream right now.
      */
     private boolean canCreateStream() {
         return connection().local().numActiveStreams() < maxConcurrentStreams;
     }
 
     private boolean isExistingStream(int streamId) {
         return streamId <= connection().local().lastStreamCreated();
     }
 
     private static final class PendingStream {
         final ChannelHandlerContext ctx;
         final int streamId;
         final Queue<Frame> frames = new ArrayDeque<Frame>(2);
 
         PendingStream(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId) {
             this.ctx = ctx;
             this.streamId = streamId;
         }
 
         void sendFrames() {
             for (Frame frame : frames) {
                 frame.send(ctx, streamId);
             }
         }
 
         void close(Throwable t) {
             for (Frame frame : frames) {
                 frame.release(t);
             }
         }
     }
 
     private abstract static class Frame {
         final ChannelPromise promise;
 
         Frame(ChannelPromise promise) {
             this.promise = promise;
         }
 
         /**
          * Release any resources (features, buffers, ...) associated with the frame.
          */
         void release(Throwable t) {
             if (t == null) {
                 promise.setSuccess();
             } else {
                 promise.setFailure(t);
             }
         }
 
         abstract void send(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId);
     }
 
     private final class HeadersFrame extends Frame {
         final Http2Headers headers;
         final int streamDependency;
         final short weight;
         final boolean exclusive;
         final int padding;
         final boolean endOfStream;
 
         HeadersFrame(Http2Headers headers, int streamDependency, short weight, boolean exclusive,
                      int padding, boolean endOfStream, ChannelPromise promise) {
             super(promise);
             this.headers = headers;
             this.streamDependency = streamDependency;
             this.weight = weight;
             this.exclusive = exclusive;
             this.padding = padding;
             this.endOfStream = endOfStream;
         }
 
         @Override
         void send(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId) {
             writeHeaders(ctx, streamId, headers, streamDependency, weight, exclusive, padding, endOfStream, promise);
         }
     }
 
     private final class DataFrame extends Frame {
         final ByteBuf data;
         final int padding;
         final boolean endOfStream;
 
         DataFrame(ByteBuf data, int padding, boolean endOfStream, ChannelPromise promise) {
             super(promise);
             this.data = data;
             this.padding = padding;
             this.endOfStream = endOfStream;
         }
 
         @Override
         void release(Throwable t) {
             super.release(t);
             ReferenceCountUtil.safeRelease(data);
         }
 
         @Override
         void send(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int streamId) {
             writeData(ctx, streamId, data, padding, endOfStream, promise);
         }
     }
 }