Android APIs
public class

VpnService.Builder

extends Object
java.lang.Object
   ↳ android.net.VpnService.Builder

Class Overview

Helper class to create a VPN interface. This class should be always used within the scope of the outer VpnService.

See Also

Summary

Public Constructors
VpnService.Builder()
Public Methods
VpnService.Builder addAddress(String address, int prefixLength)
Convenience method to add a network address to the VPN interface using a numeric address string.
VpnService.Builder addAddress(InetAddress address, int prefixLength)
Add a network address to the VPN interface.
VpnService.Builder addAllowedApplication(String packageName)
Adds an application that's allowed to access the VPN connection.
VpnService.Builder addDisallowedApplication(String packageName)
Adds an application that's denied access to the VPN connection.
VpnService.Builder addDnsServer(String address)
Convenience method to add a DNS server to the VPN connection using a numeric address string.
VpnService.Builder addDnsServer(InetAddress address)
Add a DNS server to the VPN connection.
VpnService.Builder addRoute(String address, int prefixLength)
Convenience method to add a network route to the VPN interface using a numeric address string.
VpnService.Builder addRoute(InetAddress address, int prefixLength)
Add a network route to the VPN interface.
VpnService.Builder addSearchDomain(String domain)
Add a search domain to the DNS resolver.
VpnService.Builder allowBypass()
Allows all apps to bypass this VPN connection.
VpnService.Builder allowFamily(int family)
Allows traffic from the specified address family.
ParcelFileDescriptor establish()
Create a VPN interface using the parameters supplied to this builder.
VpnService.Builder setBlocking(boolean blocking)
Sets the VPN interface's file descriptor to be in blocking/non-blocking mode.
VpnService.Builder setConfigureIntent(PendingIntent intent)
Set the PendingIntent to an activity for users to configure the VPN connection.
VpnService.Builder setMtu(int mtu)
Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the VPN interface.
VpnService.Builder setSession(String session)
Set the name of this session.
VpnService.Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(Network[] networks)
Sets the underlying networks used by the VPN for its upstream connections.
[Expand]
Inherited Methods
From class java.lang.Object

Public Constructors

public VpnService.Builder ()

Added in API level 14

Public Methods

public VpnService.Builder addAddress (String address, int prefixLength)

Added in API level 14

Convenience method to add a network address to the VPN interface using a numeric address string. See InetAddress for the definitions of numeric address formats. Adding an address implicitly allows traffic from that address family (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6) to be routed over the VPN. @see #allowFamily

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the address is invalid.

public VpnService.Builder addAddress (InetAddress address, int prefixLength)

Added in API level 14

Add a network address to the VPN interface. Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are supported. At least one address must be set before calling establish(). Adding an address implicitly allows traffic from that address family (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6) to be routed over the VPN. @see #allowFamily

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the address is invalid.

public VpnService.Builder addAllowedApplication (String packageName)

Added in API level 21

Adds an application that's allowed to access the VPN connection. If this method is called at least once, only applications added through this method (and no others) are allowed access. Else (if this method is never called), all applications are allowed by default. If some applications are added, other, un-added applications will use networking as if the VPN wasn't running. A VpnService.Builder may have only a set of allowed applications OR a set of disallowed ones, but not both. Calling this method after addDisallowedApplication(String) has already been called, or vice versa, will throw an UnsupportedOperationException. packageName must be the canonical name of a currently installed application. PackageManager.NameNotFoundException is thrown if there's no such application.

Parameters
packageName The full name (e.g.: "com.google.apps.contacts") of an application.
Returns
Throws
PackageManager.NameNotFoundException} If the application isn't installed.
PackageManager.NameNotFoundException

public VpnService.Builder addDisallowedApplication (String packageName)

Added in API level 21

Adds an application that's denied access to the VPN connection. By default, all applications are allowed access, except for those denied through this method. Denied applications will use networking as if the VPN wasn't running. A VpnService.Builder may have only a set of allowed applications OR a set of disallowed ones, but not both. Calling this method after addAllowedApplication(String) has already been called, or vice versa, will throw an UnsupportedOperationException. packageName must be the canonical name of a currently installed application. PackageManager.NameNotFoundException is thrown if there's no such application.

Parameters
packageName The full name (e.g.: "com.google.apps.contacts") of an application.
Returns
Throws
PackageManager.NameNotFoundException} If the application isn't installed.
PackageManager.NameNotFoundException

public VpnService.Builder addDnsServer (String address)

Added in API level 14

Convenience method to add a DNS server to the VPN connection using a numeric address string. See InetAddress for the definitions of numeric address formats. Adding a server implicitly allows traffic from that address family (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6) to be routed over the VPN. @see #allowFamily

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the address is invalid.

public VpnService.Builder addDnsServer (InetAddress address)

Added in API level 14

Add a DNS server to the VPN connection. Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are supported. If none is set, the DNS servers of the default network will be used. Adding a server implicitly allows traffic from that address family (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6) to be routed over the VPN. @see #allowFamily

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the address is invalid.

public VpnService.Builder addRoute (String address, int prefixLength)

Added in API level 14

Convenience method to add a network route to the VPN interface using a numeric address string. See InetAddress for the definitions of numeric address formats. Adding a route implicitly allows traffic from that address family (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6) to be routed over the VPN. @see #allowFamily

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the route is invalid.

public VpnService.Builder addRoute (InetAddress address, int prefixLength)

Added in API level 14

Add a network route to the VPN interface. Both IPv4 and IPv6 routes are supported. Adding a route implicitly allows traffic from that address family (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6) to be routed over the VPN. @see #allowFamily

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the route is invalid.

public VpnService.Builder addSearchDomain (String domain)

Added in API level 14

Add a search domain to the DNS resolver.

public VpnService.Builder allowBypass ()

Added in API level 21

Allows all apps to bypass this VPN connection. By default, all traffic from apps is forwarded through the VPN interface and it is not possible for apps to side-step the VPN. If this method is called, apps may use methods such as setProcessDefaultNetwork(Network) to instead send/receive directly over the underlying network or any other network they have permissions for.

Returns

public VpnService.Builder allowFamily (int family)

Added in API level 21

Allows traffic from the specified address family. By default, if no address, route or DNS server of a specific family (IPv4 or IPv6) is added to this VPN, then all outgoing traffic of that family is blocked. If any address, route or DNS server is added, that family is allowed. This method allows an address family to be unblocked even without adding an address, route or DNS server of that family. Traffic of that family will then typically fall-through to the underlying network if it's supported. family must be either AF_INET (for IPv4) or AF_INET6 (for IPv6). IllegalArgumentException is thrown if it's neither.

Parameters
family The address family (AF_INET or AF_INET6) to allow.
Returns

public ParcelFileDescriptor establish ()

Added in API level 14

Create a VPN interface using the parameters supplied to this builder. The interface works on IP packets, and a file descriptor is returned for the application to access them. Each read retrieves an outgoing packet which was routed to the interface. Each write injects an incoming packet just like it was received from the interface. The file descriptor is put into non-blocking mode by default to avoid blocking Java threads. To use the file descriptor completely in native space, see detachFd(). The application MUST close the file descriptor when the VPN connection is terminated. The VPN interface will be removed and the network will be restored by the system automatically.

To avoid conflicts, there can be only one active VPN interface at the same time. Usually network parameters are never changed during the lifetime of a VPN connection. It is also common for an application to create a new file descriptor after closing the previous one. However, it is rare but not impossible to have two interfaces while performing a seamless handover. In this case, the old interface will be deactivated when the new one is created successfully. Both file descriptors are valid but now outgoing packets will be routed to the new interface. Therefore, after draining the old file descriptor, the application MUST close it and start using the new file descriptor. If the new interface cannot be created, the existing interface and its file descriptor remain untouched.

An exception will be thrown if the interface cannot be created for any reason. However, this method returns null if the application is not prepared or is revoked. This helps solve possible race conditions between other VPN applications.

Returns
Throws
IllegalArgumentException if a parameter is not accepted by the operating system.
IllegalStateException if a parameter cannot be applied by the operating system.
SecurityException if the service is not properly declared in AndroidManifest.xml.
See Also

public VpnService.Builder setBlocking (boolean blocking)

Added in API level 21

Sets the VPN interface's file descriptor to be in blocking/non-blocking mode. By default, the file descriptor returned by establish() is non-blocking.

Parameters
blocking True to put the descriptor into blocking mode; false for non-blocking.
Returns

public VpnService.Builder setConfigureIntent (PendingIntent intent)

Added in API level 14

Set the PendingIntent to an activity for users to configure the VPN connection. If it is not set, the button to configure will not be shown in system-managed dialogs.

public VpnService.Builder setMtu (int mtu)

Added in API level 14

Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the VPN interface. If it is not set, the default value in the operating system will be used.

Throws
IllegalArgumentException if the value is not positive.

public VpnService.Builder setSession (String session)

Added in API level 14

Set the name of this session. It will be displayed in system-managed dialogs and notifications. This is recommended not required.

public VpnService.Builder setUnderlyingNetworks (Network[] networks)

Sets the underlying networks used by the VPN for its upstream connections.

Parameters
networks An array of networks the VPN uses to tunnel traffic to/from its servers.
Returns